The principle of solar power generation

2023-04-13 09:00:56

THE SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF A SOLAR CELL PACK, A SOLAR CONTROLLER, AND A BATTERY (GROUP). IF THE OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY IS AC 220V OR 110V, AN INVERTER ALSO NEEDS TO BE CONFIGURED.

solar power generation system is divided into off-grid power generation system, grid-connected power generation system and distributed power generation system:

1, OFF-GRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM IS MAINLY COMPOSED OF SOLAR CELL COMPONENTS, CONTROLLERS, BATTERIES, SUCH AS THE OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY OF AC 220V OR 110V, BUT ALSO NEED TO CONFIGURE THE INVERTER.

2. the grid-connected power generation system is that the direct current generated by the solar module is directly connected to the public power grid after being converted into alternating current that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid through the grid-connected inverter. grid-connected power generation systems have centralized large-scale grid-connected power stations are generally state-level power stations, the main feature is that the generated energy is directly transmitted to the power grid, and the power supply is uniformly allocated by the power grid to the user. however, this kind of power station has a large investment, a long construction cycle, and a large area, and has not yet developed much. decentralized small grid-connected power generation systems, especially photovoltaic building integrated power generation systems, are the mainstream of grid-connected power generation due to the advantages of small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and large policy support.

3. distributed generation system, also known as decentralized power generation or distributed energy supply, refers to the configuration of a smaller photovoltaic power generation power supply system at the user site or near the electricity consumption site to meet the needs of specific users, support the economic operation of the existing distribution network, or meet the requirements of both aspects.

the basic equipment of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system includes photovoltaic cell modules, photovoltaic square matrix brackets, dc combiner boxes, dc distribution cabinets, grid-connected inverters, ac distribution cabinets and other equipment, in addition to power supply system monitoring devices and environmental monitoring devices. its operation mode is that under the condition of solar radiation, the solar cell module array of the photovoltaic power generation system converts the output of solar energy, which is centrally fed into the dc distribution cabinet through the dc combiner box, and the grid-connected inverter is inverted into alternating current to supply the building's own load, and the excess or insufficient power is regulated by connecting the power grid.

the roles of the components of a solar power generation system are:

(1) solar panels: solar panels are the core part of the solar power generation system, and they are also the most valuable parts of the solar power generation system. its role is to convert the radiant capacity of the sun into electrical energy, or to send it to the battery for storage, or to push the load to work. the quality and cost of solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of the entire system;

(2) solar controller: the role of the solar controller is to control the working state of the entire system, and to play the role of overcharge protection and overdischarge protection for the battery. where the temperature difference is large, the qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. other additional functions such as light control switches and time control switches should be optional for the controller;

(3) battery: generally lead-acid batteries, small and micro systems, can also be used nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium batteries. its role is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar panels when there is light, and then release it when needed.

(4) INVERTER: IN MANY OCCASIONS, IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE 220VAC, 110VAC AC POWER SUPPLY. BECAUSE THE DIRECT OUTPUT OF SOLAR ENERGY IS GENERALLY 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. IN ORDER TO PROVIDE POWER TO ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AT 220VAC, DC POWER GENERATED BY THE SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM NEEDS TO BE CONVERTED INTO AC POWER, SO A DC-AC INVERTER IS REQUIRED. IN SOME CASES, WHEN A LOAD WITH MULTIPLE VOLTAGES IS REQUIRED, A DC-DC INVERTER IS ALSO USED, SUCH AS CONVERTING 24VDC OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO 5VDC (NOTE THAT IT IS NOT A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN).